What is aspirin?
Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid or ASA) is a common over-the counter, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to treat fever, pain, and inflammation. Aspirin may also be used to prevent the formation of blood clots. It may be the only ingredient in a medication, or it may be part of a combination product containing other medications such as acetaminophen, opioids, antihistamines, decongestants, and/or caffeine.
Aspirin is one compound in a group of chemicals called salicylates. All salicylates have the potential to cause poisoning. These chemicals may occur in a wide range of products, including pain medications, Pepto-Bismol, wintergreen oil, sunscreen, lip balm, hair and skin care products, toothpaste, wart removers, and pain creams. The risk of poisoning depends on the type of salicylate and the amount to which the pet was exposed.
What causes aspirin poisoning?
Aspirin acts by blocking certain chemical processes in the body that cause inflammation. Unfortunately, these chemical processes are also important in maintaining normal gastrointestinal, kidney, liver, and blood clotting functions.
Poisoning may happen when pets accidentally get into these products and ingest a dose that is too large. In some cases, owners may administer aspirin or other salicylates to treat their dog’s pain or gastrointestinal upset before consulting a veterinarian. Aspirin poisoning may occur from a single dose or from repeated dosing.
Previously existing medical conditions may increase the risk of poisoning (e.g., clotting disorders, kidney disease, or liver disease). Dogs already taking steroids or NSAIDs other than aspirin have a higher risk of poisoning.
What are the signs of aspirin poisoning?
Signs of aspirin poisoning vary depending on the dose and product to which the dog was exposed. The most common side effect of aspirin/salicylate exposure is stomach upset, which may include blood, decreased appetite, and elevated body temperature. High doses of aspirin may damage major organs like the liver, kidneys, and central nervous system. Symptoms can start within 4 to 6 hours and may last 24 hours or longer.
How is aspirin poisoning treated?
As with all poisoning cases, early intervention is key to successful treatment. Call your veterinarian or Pet Poison Helpline, a 24/7 animal poison control center, at 1-800-213-6680 as soon as you realize your pet has consumed aspirin. Your pet’s veterinarian may induce vomiting to help remove the toxin from the system before it is absorbed. They may also give medical-grade activated charcoal to minimize absorption of any remaining toxin from the gastrointestinal tract. Supportive therapy includes fluid support and medication to treat the pet’s clinical signs. To ensure adequate treatment, your dog may need to stay in the hospital for several days in severe cases.
In most cases of aspirin/salicylate poisoning, your veterinarian will recommend stomach protectants and a bland diet for several days after exposure. Dogs with exposure to higher doses, or with chronic exposure, may require monitoring for liver or kidney damage even after they are discharged.
Pet Poison Helpline, an animal poison control center based out of Minneapolis, MN, is available 24/7 for pet owners and veterinary professionals that require assistance treating a potentially poisoned pet. The staff provides treatment advice for poisoning cases of all species, including dogs, cats, birds, small mammals, large animals, and exotic species. As the most cost-effective option for animal poison control care, Pet Poison Helpline’s per-incident fee includes follow-up consultations for the duration of the poison case. Pet Poison Helpline is available in North America by calling 800-213-6680. Additional information can be found online at www.petpoisonhelpline.com.
