Macadamia Nut Poisoning

What is macadamia nut poisoning?

Macadamia nuts are the oily fruit of the macadamia tree. Macadamia trees are native to Australia but are now cultivated in similar climates, including Hawaii, South Africa, and California. While macadamia nuts are edible for humans, they are poisonous to dogs.

The toxic component in the nut is unknown, but it only requires a few nuts to result in illness. Currently, macadamia nut poisoning is only recognized in dogs.

What are the clinical signs of macadamia nut poisoning?

Initial clinical signs of macadamia nut poisoning include vomiting, fever, and lethargy. Signs can progress to:

• Incoordination
• Reluctance to use the rear limbs
• Inability to stand
• Joint stiffness
• Muscle tremors

Macadamia nuts are high in fat, so ingestion can result in pancreatitis. Dogs with a previous history of pancreatitis, obese dogs, or predisposed breeds are at higher risk. Clinical signs of pancreatitis include:

• Severe abdominal pain
• Dehydration
• Fever
• Depression
• Persistent loss of appetite
• Vomiting

If you believe your pet has ingested macadamia nuts, immediately call your veterinarian or Pet Poison Helpline, a 24/7 animal poison center, at 1-800-213-6680.

How is macadamia nut poisoning diagnosed?

There is no specific lab test for macadamia nut poisoning. Diagnosis is made based on a history of macadamia nut ingestion and clinical signs consistent with poisoning.

How is macadamia nut poisoning treated?

Before symptoms develop, your veterinarian may induce vomiting to reduce the risk of poisoning. If clinical signs have already developed, then your veterinarian will begin supportive care based on the type and severity of clinical signs.

What is the prognosis for macadamia nut poisoning?

Dogs that receive appropriate veterinary therapy are expected to make a full recovery from macadamia nut poisoning within 24 to 48 hours. Prognosis is variable for dogs that develop pancreatitis after macadamia nut ingestion. Fortunately, pancreatitis is not a common complication from macadamia nut poisoning.

Pet Poison Helpline, an animal poison center based out of Minneapolis, MN, is available 24/7 for pet owners and veterinary professionals that require assistance treating a potentially poisoned pet. The staff provides treatment advice for poisoning cases of all species, including dogs, cats, birds, small mammals, large animals, and exotic species. As the most cost-effective option for animal poison control care, Pet Poison Helpline’s per-incident fee includes follow-up consultations for the duration of the poison case. Pet Poison Helpline is available in North America by calling 800-213-6680. Additional information can be found online at www.petpoisonhelpline.com.