Teflon (Polytetrafluoroethylene) Poisoning in Birds

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is used as a non-stick coating on cookware. Teflon^® is the most well-known PTFE-based coating. Sources of PTFE include frying pans, drip pans, waffle irons, clothing irons, iron board covers, heating elements, and heat lamps.

When PTFE is heated to high temperatures, it releases particles and acidic gases that are toxic when inhaled. These gases are colorless and odorless, so owners often do not realize their bird has been exposed.

Most cases of PTFE poisoning occur when non-stick cookware is over-heated or burned, such as a non-stick pot boiling dry on the stovetop. However, cases of poisoning have been reported from using products that contain PTFE even at recommended temperatures.

Why are birds in most danger of Teflon® (PTFE) poisoning?

Birds have a unique, highly efficient respiratory system and are very sensitive to inhaled toxins or poisons. Birds can be poisoned even if they are not in the same room as the PTFE-containing items. Sadly, sudden death may be the only sign of PTFE poisoning in birds. 

Humans, and presumably other mammals, can develop signs of fever, weakness, shivering, sore throat, and difficulty breathing after exposure to PTFE that has been burned, although this is rare. Smaller birds, including budgerigars (parakeets), are considered the most sensitive to the effects of PTFE poisoning.

What are the signs of PTFE poisoning?

Signs of poisoning may include:

• Agitation
• Rapid or labored breathing, wheezing
• Incoordination
• Weakness
• Coma
• Seizures

In many cases, the bird dies suddenly, before or shortly after signs develop. Birds may initially appear lethargic or sluggish and slow to respond to stimulation. They may also wobble while trying to stay upright on their perch.

How can I prevent PTFE poisoning?

The only reliable way to prevent poisoning is to avoid using non-stick products containing PTFE. If these products are in the home:

• Make sure the area is well ventilated while they are in use.
• Open windows and use the stove exhaust fan to help ensure proper ventilation.
• Do not house birds in areas where the products are used, such as the kitchen or laundry room.
• Avoid over-heating or burning cookware containing these products.
• Ensure the cooking area is never left unattended while these products are in use.

How is PTFE poisoning treated?

If you suspect your bird has been exposed to PTFE fumes, remove the bird from the area and get them fresh air immediately. Call your veterinarian or Pet Poison Helpline, a 24/7 animal poison center, at 1-800-213-6680, for guidance. In many cases, sudden death occurs before treatment can be started. Hospitalized care is generally needed for birds exposed to PTFE fumes. Birds with severe signs have a poor chance of survival.

Pet Poison Helpline, an animal poison center based out of Minneapolis, MN, is available 24/7 for pet owners and veterinary professionals that require assistance treating a potentially poisoned pet. The staff provides treatment advice for poisoning cases of all species, including dogs, cats, birds, small mammals, large animals, and exotic species. As the most cost-effective option for animal poison control care, Pet Poison Helpline’s per-incident fee includes follow-up consultations for the duration of the poison case. Pet Poison Helpline is available in North America by calling 800-213-6680. Additional information can be found online at www.petpoisonhelpline.com.