Breed-Specific Diets

What is a breed-specific diet?

Breed-specific diets are pet foods designed to accommodate features or predispositions associated with particular dog or cat breeds. For example, the kibble structure may be adapted for the size and shape of the animal’s jaw, or the nutrient profile may be adapted for reduced energy to achieve desired targets for breeds predisposed to obesity.

Are there health benefits to feeding my pet a breed-specific diet?

Dogs and cats come in many shapes and sizes. Consider the differences between a miniature poodle and a Great Dane, or a Maine coon cat and a Persian cat. These differences in body features or predisposition to medical conditions is the basis of breed-specific diets.

However, regardless of kibble size or nutrient modifications, diets marketed as “complete and balanced” must meet guidelines set by the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) for the stated life stage on a label. Currently, there are no published clinical trials that demonstrate significant health benefits of breed-specific diets over other foods.

What are some examples of breed-specific diets?

Commercial pet food manufacturers have designed a variety of canine and feline diets targeted for specific breeds. For example, diets designed for breeds with a genetic predisposition towards joint disease may be enhanced with omega-3 fatty acids. Diets formulated for longhaired cat breeds may have adapted fiber and fatty acid levels to reduce the incidence of hairballs. Diets designed for breeds prone to heart disease may contain nutrients that support cardiac function.

Kibble size and shape can be modified for different jaw or mouth anatomy. Breed-specific diets for brachycephalic pets (e.g., Persian cats and pugs with a “flat-faced” appearance) may be tailored for optimal size and shape of kibble, to improve prehension (picking up the food) and chewing in a smaller jaw.

Another modification is the use of distinct aromas or unique flavors to encourage breeds known to be “picky” about eating. Some companies also include specific nutrients for skin support and coat health for susceptible breeds.

Should I feed my pet a breed-specific diet?

A diet recommendation for any pet should be based on a combination of factors, including medical and dietary history, environmental factors in the home, and physical examination findings by your veterinarian. While it is possible that a breed-specific diet may benefit your pet, this decision should be made together with your veterinary health care team, since they know your pet’s specific health concerns. 

Ultimately, dietary and medical decisions should be based on individual factors that are relevant to your pet and your home or environmental situation. Talk to your veterinary healthcare team to assist you with a diet recommendation for your pet’s needs.