What is cannabidiol?
Cannabidiol, also known as CBD, is a naturally occurring cannabinoid (a compound found in the Cannabis plant). Cannabidiol is used as an analgesic (pain reliever) and anticonvulsant. It is used to treat osteoarthritic pain and to help control seizures in dogs and other species. Cannabidiol should only be given under the direction of a veterinarian. Some products contain ingredients other than cannabidiol that may be harmful to your pet – discuss product selection with your veterinarian.
It is used “off label” or “extra label” in animals. Many drugs are commonly prescribed for off-label use in veterinary medicine. In these instances, follow your veterinarian’s directions and cautions very carefully.
How do I give my pet cannabidiol?
Cannabidiol comes in a variety of forms, including capsule, tablet, and liquid suspension.
- This medication is given orally (by mouth), transmucosally (on the gums), or topically (on the skin), depending on product formulation.
- This medication can be given to your pet with food or on an empty stomach.
- Give this medication to your pet for the entire time prescribed by your veterinarian, even if it appears your pet is feeling better.
- Do not suddenly stop this medication if used for treatment of seizures; this medication must be reduced gradually.
This medication will take effect quickly, in about 1 to 5 hours. It is short-acting, meaning that effects should stop after 24 hours, though effects may be prolonged in pets with liver disease.
What if I miss giving my pet the medication?
Give the missed dose as soon as you remember and then continue with the regular dosing schedule. If it is almost time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with the regular schedule. Do not give the pet two doses at once.
Are there any potential side effects from cannabidiol?
Cannabidiol may cause the following side effects:
- drooling, vomiting, or diarrhea
- lethargy
- unsteadiness when walking
- irritation or redness at application site if using a topical product
The following reactions are rare, but if they occur, contact your veterinarian immediately:
- an allergic reaction such as irregular breathing, rash, fever, puffiness and swelling around the face
Drug sensitivities can develop over time with repeated exposure. Your pet may have no reaction after the first few doses but may develop a sensitivity later. It is important to watch for signs of an allergic reaction over the entire course of treatment.
Are there any risk factors for this medication?
- AVOID use in animals with known allergies to any components.
- USE WITH CAUTION in pets with liver disease.
Are there any drug interactions I should be aware of?
Certain medications should be USED WITH CAUTION when given with cannabidiol, including:
- azole antifungals (e.g., ketoconazole, itraconazole)
- benzodiazepines (e.g., diazepam)
- phenobarbital and other barbiturates
- gabapentin, pregabalin, tramadol, and other nervous system depressants
- other pain reliever medications (e.g., NSAIDs, opioids)
- cimetidine
- clopidogrel, diltiazem, sildenafil, amiodarone
- warfarin
- rifampin, chloramphenicol
- medications that may affect the liver (e.g., steroids)
- fluoxetine, tricyclic antidepressants
- omeprazole, pantoprazole
- theophylline
Be sure to tell your veterinarian about any medications (including vitamins, supplements, or herbal therapies) that your pet is taking before starting any new treatment.
Is there any monitoring that needs to be done with this medication?
- Your veterinarian may prescribe two different medications, and a drug interaction may be anticipated. In this case, your veterinarian may vary the dose and/or monitor your pet more closely.
- Your veterinarian may schedule follow-up visits for monitoring. In this case, follow your veterinarian’s directions.
How do I store cannabidiol?
- Store medication at room temperature. Keep capsules away from moisture.
- Keep medication out of reach of children and pets.
What should I do in case of emergency?
If you suspect an overdose or an adverse reaction to the medication, call your veterinary office immediately. If they are not available, follow their directions in contacting an emergency facility.
