What are enzymes?
Enzymes are substances in the body that regulate chemical reactions important for basic life functions. Enzymes can help digest food, store and use energy, and create or break down molecules. Enzyme supplements are taken to support a body process that needs additional support.
In pets, digestive enzymes, like lipase, amylase, and protease, are used to treat exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI), small intestinal or pancreatic disease, and allergies. Other enzyme supplements include bromelain, papain, and cellulase.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) does not review non-drug health products (e.g., herbals, nutraceuticals, shampoos, and other supplements) for safety or effectiveness before they are sold to the public. Manufacturers of non-drug health products must ensure their products are safe and labeled accurately.
The FDA requires that these non-pharmaceuticals contain a disclaimer that says, “This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.” Health Canada licenses “veterinary health products” after reviewing safety, efficacy, and manufacturing information provided by the manufacturer. These products are not tested by Health Canada.
Your veterinarian is the best source of information about the safety of non-drug health products in pets. Just because a product is natural does not mean it is safe.
All medicines and medicinal plants are potentially toxic if used inappropriately or given at high doses. Supplements can also have side effects, like pharmaceuticals. Few supplements and herbs have been subjected to rigorous scientific trials to determine their efficacy.
Although the information in this handout may be helpful, it also may be incomplete and may not represent the full range of effects the supplement could have on your pet.
How are enzymes given?
- Enzymes come in capsule, powder, and tablet forms.
- All forms are given orally (by mouth).
- Oral forms may be given with or without food, depending on the formulation. Follow your veterinarian’s directions on when to give enzymes.
- Follow your veterinarian’s instructions for administering this medication carefully and give for the entire time prescribed by your veterinarian, even if your pet is feeling better.
This medication should take effect within 1–2 hours, although outward improvements may not be noticeable.
What if I miss giving my pet the supplement?
If you miss a dose, give it as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for the next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and resume the regular dosing schedule. Do not give the pet two doses at once.
Are there any potential side effects?
Enzymes may cause the following side effects:
- Mild gastrointestinal upset
- Ulcers in the mouth
- Restlessness
Serious adverse reactions may occur. If any of the following signs develop, stop giving enzymes and contact your veterinarian immediately:
- An allergic reaction such as irregular breathing, rash, fever, puffiness and swelling around the face
Drug sensitivities can develop over time with repeated exposure. Your pet may have no reaction after the first few doses, but may develop a sensitivity later. It is important to watch for signs of an allergic reaction over the entire course of treatment.
Other side effects may occur. If you notice anything unusual, contact your veterinarian immediately. This short-acting medication should stop working within 24 hours, although effects may last longer in pets with liver and/or kidney disease.
Are there any risk factors for this supplement?
DO NOT USE enzymes in:
- Pets that are allergic to any component of the medication
- Pets that are allergic to pork
USE WITH CAUTION in:
- Pets that are pregnant or nursing
- Pets with liver and/or kidney disease
- Pets with known bleeding disorders
- Pets with high blood pressure (hypertension)
Are there any drug interactions I should be aware of?
Several medications should be used with caution when given with enzymes, including:
- Antacids and H2 blockers
- Anticoagulants
- Calcium, magnesium
- Proton pump inhibitors (e.g., omeprazole)
- Sedatives
Vitamins, herbal therapies, and supplements have the potential to interact with each other, as well as with prescription and over-the-counter medications. Be sure to tell your veterinarian about any medications (including all vitamins, supplements, or herbal therapies) that your pet is taking before starting any new treatment.
Is any monitoring needed with this supplement?
- Your veterinarian will let you know when and how they want to reassess your pet to ensure the supplement is working and not causing side effects.
- At home, monitor for any abnormal changes. If any occur, discontinue the medication and contact your veterinarian.
How do I store enzymes?
- Store the medication in a cool, dry location.
- Protect from light.
- Follow manufacturer’s specific storage instructions.
- Keep the container out of reach of children and pets.
What should I do in case of emergency?
If you suspect an overdose or an adverse reaction to the medication, call your veterinary office immediately. If they are not available, follow their directions in contacting an emergency facility. Be prepared to provide information about the product and your pet’s weight and symptoms. Report any adverse effects to the FDA or Health Canada.
