What are pheromones?
Pheromones (brand names Feliway®, Comfort Zone®, Adaptil®, others) are natural or synthetic substances that mimic scents animals release to communicate. Pheromones are used in cats and dogs as behavior modifiers for a variety of conditions, including urine spraying and marking, inter-cat aggression, stressful events, phobias, and separation anxiety, among other conditions.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) does not review non-drug health products (e.g., herbals, nutraceuticals, shampoos, and other supplements) for safety or effectiveness before they are sold to the public. Manufacturers of non-drug health products must ensure their products are safe and labeled accurately.
The FDA requires that these non-pharmaceuticals contain a disclaimer that says, “This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.” Health Canada licenses “veterinary health products” after reviewing safety, efficacy, and manufacturing information provided by the manufacturer. These products are not tested by Health Canada.
"Your veterinarian is the best source of information
about the safety of non-drug health products in pets."
Your veterinarian is the best source of information about the safety of non-drug health products in pets. Just because a product is natural does not mean it is safe. All medicines and medicinal plants are potentially toxic if used inappropriately or given at high doses. Supplements can also have side effects, like pharmaceuticals. Few supplements and herbs have been subjected to rigorous scientific trials to determine their efficacy.
Although the information in this handout may be helpful, it also may be incomplete and may not represent the full range of effects the supplement could have on your pet.
How do I give my pet pheromones?
- Pheromones come in diffuser, spray, and infused collar forms.
- Diffusers are plugged into an electrical outlet and typically last four weeks.
- Do not use sprays directly on your pet. Spray blankets, towels, carriers, crates, and other surfaces area as directed by your veterinarian for your pet’s specific situation.
- Follow manufacturer’s directions on collar placement. Ensure the collar is not too tight and periodically assess fit. Collars are typically effective for four weeks.
- Give this medication to your pet for the entire time prescribed by your veterinarian, even if it appears that your pet is feeling better.
This medication should start working within 1–2 hours, but its effects may not be noticeable immediately.
What if I miss giving my pet the medication?
If you miss a dose, give it as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for the next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and resume the regular dosing schedule. Do not give the pet two doses at once.
Are there any potential side effects from pheromones?
Pheromones are not likely to cause side effects when used properly. The following reactions have not been reported, but if they occur, contact your veterinarian immediately:
- an allergic reaction such as irregular breathing, rash, fever, puffiness and swelling around the face
Drug sensitivities can develop over time with repeated exposure. Your pet may have no reaction after the first few doses, but may develop a sensitivity later. It is important to watch for signs of an allergic reaction over the entire course of treatment.
Other side effects may occur. If you notice anything unusual, contact your veterinarian immediately. This short-acting medication should stop working within 24 hours.
Are there any risk factors for this medication?
- This medication should NOT BE USED in animals with severe aggression-related behaviors.
- This medication should be USED WITH CAUTION in animals with undesired behaviors unrelated to stress.
Are there any drug interactions I should be aware of?
No known drug interactions have been reported for this medication. Be sure to tell your veterinarian about any medications (including vitamins, supplements, or herbal therapies) that your pet is taking before starting any new treatment.
Is any monitoring needed with this medication?
- Your veterinarian may recommend diagnostic tests to rule out a physical medical condition before starting this medication.
- Your veterinarian may schedule a follow-up visit to ensure and/or do additional testing to ensure this is the right medication for the condition present. In this case, follow your veterinarian’s directions.
- At home, monitor for any abnormal changes. If any occur, discontinue the medication and contact your veterinarian.
How do I store pheromones?
- Store at room temperature, per manufacturer label directions.
- Do not mix with other products or ingredients.
- Keep medication out of reach of children and pets.
What should I do in case of emergency?
If you suspect an overdose or an adverse reaction to the medication, call your veterinary office immediately. If they are not available, follow their directions in contacting an emergency facility. Adverse effects should also be reported to the FDA or Health Canada.